CHINA - TIANWAN NPS
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Number of power units |
Reactor type |
Capacity |
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2 |
VVER |
1000 |
Tianwan NPS (China)
Tianwan NPS (TNPS) is the largest plant as per the unit capacity of power units among all NPPs under construction now in China and the largest project of economic cooperation between the PRC and the RF.
The intergovernmental Agreement on cooperation in the construction of the nuclear power plant in the PRC and granting by Russia to China of the state credit was signed on December 18th, 1992. For implementation of this Agreement Atomstroyexport JSC concluded the General Contract on December 29th, 1997 with Jiangsu Nuclear Power Corporation (JNPC) for construction of Lianyungang NPP (renamed subsequently in Tianwan NPS), including two power units with VVER-1000 reactor plants of 1000 MW capacity each.
The general layout of Tianwan NPS provides a possibility for construction of four power units of 1000 MW capacity each.
The first phase of the project includes two power units of "NPP-91" type of the Russian design developed on the basis of experience of the construction and operation of VVER-1000/320 power units. The power unit includes the reactor plant with VVER-1000/428 reactor type and the turbine of Ê-1000-60/3000 type with TVV-100002Y3 generator. The power unit corresponds to the international norms on nuclear and radiation safety.
The turbine manufactured by the Leningrad Metal Factory (LMZ) of the concern “Power Machines” was improved one by a number of parameters: having the weight of 2 thousand tons and the length of 51 meters it is 1,5 times lighter than similar half-speed turbines for NPPs of such capacity.
The improved reactor plant of VVER-1000/428 type with the improved neutron-physical characteristics and the increased efficiency of the emergency protection has a four-channel structure of the safety systems and a lot of the devices and systems allowing to consider Tianwan NPS design as the unique one.
The reactor building is covered by the double containment: the inner tight containment excludes radiation penetration into environment, and the external containment is intended for protection of the reactor against undesirable environmental impacts.
The catcher for retention and cooling of core melt is installed under the reactor pressure vessel. It is provided so that in case of failure the molten core fills the catcher and does not destroy the foundation under the reactor pressure vessel and reactor building. The catcher is characterized by the original technical solutions, which have no analogues in the world practice of the NPP construction. China became the first country possessing such device. The design of the catcher developed by the Russian engineers has successfully passed examination by the Russian and Chinese safety authorities and has been approved by IAEA.
The entire complex of the protective measures at Tianwan NPS allowed to come to the following calculation conclusions:
– failures with core damage or melt are possible not more often than once in 100 thousand years;
– probability of failure with radioactivity release outside the NPP – not more often than once in one million years.
St.-Petersburg Institute "Atomenergoproject" – TNPS general designer, OKB “Gidropress” – the designer of the reactor plant, RNC “Kurchatov Institute” – the scientific adviser, as well as the Izhora Works, the plants of the concern “Power Machines”, and other enterprises manufacturing the equipment for the NPP participated in the construction of TNPS. In total more than 150 Russian enterprises and organizations were involved in the works.
The scope of Atomstroyexport’s obligations include:
- technical responsibility for the project as a whole;
- NPP designing;
- supplies of the equipment and materials from Russia and the CIS countries;
- supply of the initial load of fresh nuclear fuel for each power unit;
- training of the Chinese personnel;
- transfer of the calculation computer codes;
- performance of the installation works in four main buildings of TNPS Nuclear Island (the reactor building, the steam cell, the safety building, the building of cooling water pumps of the main consumers);
- performance of the commissioning works on all TNPS systems;
- putting of TNPS into operation with the subsequent participation in the two-year guarantee period of operation of two power units.
Performance of other works on TNPS construction was carried out by the Chinese civil and erection organizations which acquired the valuable experience and could use it during construction of subsequent TNPS phases. The installation works in four buildings of the Nuclear Island belonging the scope of the Russian party’s obligations according to the provisions of the General Contract were performed by the subcontractor of Atomstroyexport JSC – the 23d Chinese Nuclear Industry Corporation (CNI-23).
The design and research organizations of the Peoples Republic of China were involved in the works of TNPS construction starting with the design stage. The enterprises of the Peoples Republic of China manufactured a number of the electric and lighting equipment, instrumentations, the equipment for laboratories, a part of the low pressure pipelines pipeline valves, shaped products.
In 1999 the concreting works were started on Tianwan NPS site. On June 2nd, 2007 the first power unit was taken over by the Chinese customer. On September 12th, 2007 the second power unit was taken over. Currently there is a two-year period of the guarantee operation.
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